Local Area Network (LAN) - What it is and simple ways to secure it

Local Area Network (LAN)

What it is

A Local Area Network (LAN) connects computers and devices in a small area like a home, office, or school. Devices talk to each other through ethernet cables or Wi-Fi, sharing files, printers, and internet access.

Why it matters

A good LAN makes everything feel fast and seamless - shared drives open quickly, printers are available to everyone, and one secure internet connection serves the whole space.

How it works - quick tour

  • Router or gateway connects your LAN to the internet.

  • Switches link wired devices and manage traffic inside the LAN.

  • Access points provide Wi-Fi for laptops, phones, and IoT.

  • IP addressing and DHCP give each device an address so it can communicate.

Good practices

  • Use WPA2/WPA3 Wi-Fi with a strong passphrase.

  • Keep the router and firmware updated and change default passwords.

  • Create a guest network or separate VLAN for visitors and IoT.

  • Turn off UPnP and unused port forwarding.

  • Back up router configs and document key settings.

    Glossary (A–Z)

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